Bela Karolyi, the charismatic if polarizing gymnastics coach who turned young women into champions and the United States into an international power in the sport, has died. He was 82.

Karolyi and wife Martha trained multiple Olympic gold medalists and world champions in the U.S. and Romania, including Nadia Comaneci and Mary Lou Retton.

:A big impact and influence on my life,鈥� Comaneci, who was just 14 when Karolyi coached her to gold for Romania at the 1976 Montreal Olympics, .

Yet Karolyi鈥檚 strident methods sometimes came under fire, most pointedly during the height of the scandal.

When the disgraced former USA Gymnastics team doctor was effectively given a life sentence after pleading guilty with his hands under the guise of medical treatment, over a dozen former gymnasts came forward saying the Karolyis were part of a system that allowed Nassar鈥檚 behavior to run unchecked for years.

While the Karolyis denied responsibility 鈥� telling CNN in 2018 they were unaware of Nassar鈥檚 behavior 鈥� the revelations led to them receding from the spotlight. USA Gymnastics to continue to train at the Karolyi Ranch north of Houston, though only after American star Simone Biles took the organization to task for having them train at a site where many experienced sexual abuse.

The Karolyis receded from the spotlight in the aftermath after spending 30-plus years as a guiding force in American gymnastics, often basking in success while brushing with controversy in equal measure.

The Karolyis defected from Romania to the United States in 1981. Three years later Bela helped guide Retton 鈥� all of 16 鈥� to the Olympic all-around title at the 1984 Games in Los Angeles. At the 1996 Games in Atlanta, he memorably helped an injured Kerri Strug off the floor after Strug鈥檚 vault secured the team gold for the Americans.

Karolyi briefly became the national team coordinator for USA Gymnastics women鈥檚 elite program in 1999 and incorporated a semi-centralized system that eventually turned the Americans into the sport鈥檚 gold standard. It did not come without a cost. He was removed from the position after the 2000 Olympics when it became apparent his leadership style simply would not work, though he remained around the sport after Martha took over for her husband in 2001.

While the Karolyis approach helped the U.S. become a superpower 鈥� an American woman has won each of the last six Olympic titles and the U.S. women earned the team gold at the 2012 and 2016 games under Martha Karolyi鈥檚 leadership 鈥� their methods came under fire.

Dominique Moceanu, part of the 鈥淢agnificent 7鈥� team that won gold in Atlanta, talked extensively about her corrosive relationship with the Karolyis following her retirement. In her 2012 memoir, Moceanu wrote Bela Karolyi verbally abused her in front of her teammates on multiple occasions.

鈥淗is harsh words and critical demeanor often weighed heavily on me,鈥� Moceanu Saturday. 鈥淲hile our relationship was fraught with difficulty, some of these moments of hardship helped me forge and define my own path.鈥�

Some of Karolyi鈥檚 most famous students were always among his staunchest defenders. When Strug got married, she and Karolyi took a photo recreating their famous scene from the 1996 Olympics, when he carried her onto the medals podium after she vaulted on a badly sprained ankle.

Being a gymnastics pied-piper was never Karolyi鈥檚 intent. Born in Clug, Hungary (now Romania) on Sept. 13, 1942, he wanted to be a teacher, getting into coaching in college simply so he could spend more time with Martha.

After graduating, the couple moved to a small coal-mining town in Transylvania. Looking for a way to keep their students warm and entertained during the long, harsh winters, Karolyi dragged out some old mats and he and his wife taught the children gymnastics.

The students showed off their skills to their parents, and the exhibitions soon caught the eye of the Romanian government, which hired the Karolyis to coach the women鈥檚 national team at a time when the sport was done almost exclusively by adult women, not young girls.

Karolyi changed all that, though, bringing a team to the Montreal Olympics with only one gymnast older than 14.

It was in Montreal, of course, where the world got its first real glimpse of Karolyi. When a solemn, dark-haired sprite named Nadia Comaneci enchanted the world with the first perfect 10 in Olympic history, a feat she would duplicate six times, Karolyi was there to wrap her in one of his trademark bear hugs.

Romania, which had won only three bronzes in Olympic gymnastics before 1976, left Montreal with seven medals, including Comaneci鈥檚 golds in the all-around, balance beam and uneven bars, and the team silver. Comaneci became an international sensation, the first person to appear on the covers of Sports Illustrated, Time and 亚洲天堂week in the same week.

Four years later, however, Karolyi was in disgrace.

He was incensed by the judging at the Moscow Olympics, which he thought cost Comaneci a second all-around gold, and the Romanian government was horrified that he had embarrassed the Soviet hosts.

鈥淪uddenly, from a position where we鈥檝e been praised and considered the foremost athletes in the country, I was stigmatized,鈥� he once said. 鈥淚 thought they could put me away for political misconduct.鈥�

When he and Martha took the Romanian team to New York for an exhibition in March 1981, they were tipped off that they were going to be punished upon their return. Despite not speaking any English and with their then-6-year-old daughter, Andrea, still in Romania, they decided to defect.

鈥淲e knew what kind of risks we were taking, because nobody was guaranteeing us anything,鈥� Martha Karolyi once said. 鈥淲e started out with a suitcase and a little motel room. From there, it鈥檚 gradually improved.鈥�

The couple made their way to California, where they learned English by watching television and Bela did odd jobs. A chance encounter with Olympic gold medalist Bart Conner 鈥� who would later marry Comaneci 鈥� at the Los Angeles airport a few months later led to the Karolyis鈥� first coaching job in the United States.

Within a year, their daughter had arrived in the U.S. and the Karolyis had their own gym in Houston. It soon became the center of American gymnastics, turning out eight national champions in 13 years.

Three years after the Karolyis left Romania, Retton became the first American to win the Olympic all-around title, scoring a perfect 10 on vault to claim gold at the 1984 Games in Los Angeles. Retton also posted the highest score in the team competition as the Americans won the silver, their first team medal since 1948.

Four years later, Phoebe Mills, another Karolyi gymnast, won a bronze on balance beam. It was the first individual medal for an American woman at a non-boycotted games. And in 1991, Kim Zmeskal 鈥� 鈥渢he little Kimbo,鈥� as Bela Karolyi called her 鈥� became the first American to win the world all-around title.

鈥淢y biggest contribution was giving the kids the faith that they can be the best among the best,鈥� Karolyi once said. 鈥淚 knew that if the Americans could understand they were not inferior 鈥� then they can be groomed like international, highly visible athletes.鈥�

But as Karolyi鈥檚 resume grew, so did the criticism.

Other coaches were irritated by his brash personality and ability to always find his way into the spotlight. When Retton won gold, Karolyi leaped a barrier 鈥� he had an equipment manager鈥檚 credential, not a coach鈥檚 鈥� so he could scoop Retton up in a hug 鈥� right in front of the TV cameras, of course.

He could be a harsh taskmaster, calling his gymnasts names, taunting them for their weight and pushing them to their limits.

Even those warm embraces weren鈥檛 always quite what they seemed.

鈥淎 lot of those big bear hugs came with the whisper of `Not so good,鈥� in our ears,鈥� Retton wrote.

Yet Retton and Comaneci remained close with Karolyi, making appearances with him at gymnastics events or sitting with him at competitions. Zmeskal had her wedding at the Karolyi ranch.

Karolyi briefly retired after the 1992 Games in Barcelona, where he led the Americans to their first team medal, a bronze, at a non-boycotted Olympics in 44 years. But he kept his gym and summer camps, and by 1994 was again coaching elite-level gymnasts after Zmeskal asked him to help in her attempt to make the Atlanta Games.

Zmeskal didn鈥檛 make the Atlanta squad. But two of Karolyi鈥檚 other gymnasts, Strug and Moceanu, did, and it was Strug who provided one of the signature moments of the Olympics.

The Americans went into their final event in team finals, vault, trying to hold off Russia for their first-ever title at an Olympics or world championships. Despite injuring her left ankle when she fell on her first vault attempt, Strug went ahead with her second attempt, believing 鈥� wrongly 鈥� the Americans needed her score to clinch the gold.

With Karolyi shouting, 鈥淵ou can do it!鈥� Strug sprinted down the runway, soared high above the vault and landed on both feet 鈥� ensuring it was a clean vault 鈥� before pulling her left leg up. After saluting the judges, she fell to her knees and had to be carried off the podium. Tests would later show she had two torn ligaments in her ankle.

As the rest of the Americans gathered on the podium to receive their gold medals, Karolyi carried Strug back into the arena, cradling her in his arms.

But even that drew criticism. Many said Karolyi never should have encouraged Strug to vault on her injured ankle in the first place, and then should have stayed out of the spotlight rather than carrying her to the podium.

鈥淏ela is a very tough coach and he gets criticism for that,鈥� Strug said at the time. 鈥淏ut that鈥檚 what it takes to become a champion. I don鈥檛 think it鈥檚 really right that everyone tries to find the faults of Bela. Anything in life, to be successful, you鈥檝e got to work really hard.鈥�

The Karolyis retired again after the Atlanta Olympics. But after the U.S. women finished last in the medal round at the 1997 World Championships, USA Gymnastics asked Bela Karolyi to come back.

He agreed 鈥� but only if he could implement a semi-centralized training system. Rather than a patchwork system of individual coaches who had their own philosophies, Karolyi would oversee the entire U.S. program. Gymnasts could still train with their own coaches, but there would be regular national team camps to ensure they were meeting established training and performance standards.

Though the idea was sound, Karolyi was not the right person to be in charge. Coaches who had been his equal chafed at his heavy-handedness, and were annoyed by his grandstanding. Gymnasts resented his bluster and demands.

By the time the Americans left the Sydney Olympics, about the only thing everyone agreed on was that Karolyi needed to step away.

He stepped aside and was replaced by his wife. Martha Karolyi鈥檚 standards were just as high 鈥� if not higher 鈥� than her husband鈥檚, but on the surface, she was more willing to listen to other opinions.

鈥淪he鈥檚 more diplomatic. Absolutely,鈥� Bela Karolyi said before the 2012 Olympics. 鈥淚鈥檓 wild. The opposite.鈥�