Billowing clouds of bloody water emitted from Vancouver Island salmon processing plants form the defining image of a video shot by Quadra Island photographer Tavish Campbell.
The video shows a fish packing plant just north of Campbell River dumping what is being called 鈥渂lood water鈥� into the ocean. It also shows the same type of effluent being discharged from Lions Gate Fisheries鈥� plant into Tofino harbour on the Island鈥檚 west coast.
鈥淚t鈥檚 a pretty horrific thing to see,鈥� Campbell said, 鈥淛ust these huge billowing clouds of red blood water being released right into Brown鈥檚 Bay.鈥�
The video, entitled, Blood Water: B.C.鈥檚 Dirty Salmon Farming Secret was produced by Campbell and published on Vimeo.
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Campbell did two investigative dives at farmed salmon processing plants on Vancouver Island 鈥� one at Brown鈥檚 Bay and one at the Lions Gate Fisheries processing plant at Tofino. Lions Gate Fisheries processes Pacific Chinook raised by its subsidiary, Creative Salmon.
Campbell shot the footage during three dives in April and October at Brown鈥檚 Bay Packing and in June at Tofino.
The April dive was done during the out-migration period for juvenile sockeye salmon from the Fraser River and other streams in the Salish Sea. Because Discovery Passage experiences tremendous tidal currents squeezing between Vancouver Island and Quadra Island, Brown鈥檚 Bay serves as a refuge for the migrating juvenile fish, Campbell said.
鈥淏rown鈥檚 Bay acts as a bit of a holding pen for these small, little juvenile fish so that day 鈥� that very day we did the dive 鈥� when I got up from the dive you could see tons of these juvenile fish packed into the head of Brown鈥檚 Bay,鈥� Campbell said. 鈥淚t鈥檚 situated in such an unfortunate spot in terms of being right where these juvenile fish have to swim by.鈥�
Campbell鈥檚 video shows a bright-red cloud being emitted from a pipe outlet connected to the plants. Campbell had the effluent tested and found evidence of Piscine Reovirus (PRV) which causes the disease HSMI, which damages the heart and skeletal muscles of salmon. The samples he collected were sent to the Atlantic Veterinary College in Charlottetown, P.E.I. The testing was done by Prof. Fred Kibenge.
Campbell said the point of his video is not to demonize Brown鈥檚 Bay Packing or Lions Gate Fisheries. They are not doing anything illegal. The focus is on Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO) and their 鈥渋nability to manage and regulate or protect wild fish,鈥� Campbell said.
B.C. Environment Minister George Heyman is also aware of the video.
鈥淲e鈥檙e going to ensure, as we review the permit and put conditions on the permit if necessary, that any discharge into the water is safe from contamination,鈥� he said.
鈥淲e鈥檙e hoping that can happen in the next few days. We鈥檙e also waiting for test results of the effluent that was taken some time ago, and if necessary we鈥檒l conduct our own tests.鈥�
The plants in the video originally began as processing plants for wild fish but now handle farmed salmon as well. The PRV has been found in west coast salmon and is linked to HSMI, a potentially fatal disease for salmon.
To Campbell, the situation is another reason for a lack of confidence in DFO鈥檚 ability to regulate salmon farming on the West Coast and mitigate its impact on wild salmon stocks.
鈥淥ur wild salmon aren鈥檛 being looked after,鈥� Campbell said.
And the clock is ticking on the situation in Brown鈥檚 Bay, he said.
鈥淚n a few short months the next wave of out-migrating juvenile fish is going to be coming up from the Salish Sea and from the Fraser (River) and having to pass right by the plant. It is something that we have to act on quickly.鈥�
Lions Gate Fisheries issued a press release about the video today on its website, saying:
鈥淟ions Gate Fisheries, like all processing Pacific salmon 鈥� farmed or wild 鈥� on B.C. 鈥榮 coast, operates its Tofino plant under permit from the provincial government.
鈥淓ffluent from the plant is screened and discharged into the marine environment at depth according to the provincial government permit.
鈥淟ions Gate Fisheries processes Pacific chinook raised by Creative Salmon. Both the plant and Creative Salmon are certified to the Canadian Organic Aquaculture Standard. This is an audited, national standard that exceeds municipal, provincial and federal regulatory requirements.鈥�
Brown鈥檚 Bay Packing released a similar statement on Tuesday afternoon saying they disinfect the effluent before it is released into the ocean.
鈥淲hile the liquid discharged remains red in colour, the treatment process is designed specifically to treat for fish pathogens,鈥� it reads.
鈥淭he treatment of that effluent is to a level higher than Provincial standards for fish plants, and is governed by a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) signed by all companies farming and processing Atlantic salmon. The MoU explicitly states that all plants will have a functional disinfection system in place, all water/ice, blood-water, wash-water and other wastewater within the processing plant will be collected and treated through the processing plant central treatment system, all blood-water and wastewater used during off loading and transport from the boat to processing plant will be contained and treated.鈥�
