The economic impact of the COVID-19 virus will be both enormous and difficult to estimate. To begin with, the entire world is catapulting into recession as governments scramble to contain the pandemic and international trade and travel shrivel. For B.C., this means reduced foreign demand for the goods and services we sell abroad and lower prices for many of our exports.
At the same time, the government鈥檚 decision to shutter of much of the consumer-facing services economy 鈥� including most retail businesses 鈥� is unprecedented. International air travel has essentially halted, delivering a blow to B.C.鈥檚 tourism industry just weeks before business normally would be expected to surge. Global supply chains for manufactured and advanced technology products have also been disrupted, hurting many local companies.
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Amid the chaos, the Business Council recently modelled how the COVID-19 crisis and the measures being taken to manage it may affect the province鈥檚 economy in the months ahead. In doing so, we looked back at B.C.鈥檚 experience during the 2009 recession to get some sense of how sharp drops in consumer spending, investment and exports could impact various industries.
Using a bottom-up, industry-by-industry analysis, our base case forecast is that the province鈥檚 economy will contract by around 7% in 2020. That is roughly two-and-a-half times greater than the economic decline recorded in 2009. Most of the fall-off in economic activity will be concentrated in the March to June period, but some negative consequences are likely to linger into the summer and fall.
In developing this estimate, we assumed that much of the private sector service economy will remain closed for at least eight weeks. When shuttered businesses re-open, some restrictions likely will continue to apply. Bars, restaurants and other retail outlets may have new social-distancing rules, for example. And international air travel won鈥檛 be returning to 鈥渘ormal鈥� for many months, in part because health officials will want to minimize the risk that the virus could be re-introduced to the population by visitors from elsewhere.
Which B.C. industries will suffer most from the toxic combination of a world-wide recession and the aggressive domestic measures being taken to contain the coronavirus?
Hardest hit will be air transportation, accommodation, restaurants and pubs, entertainment and leisure venues, film and television production, and other parts of the retail sector that are no longer operating (such as department, clothing and book stores). B.C.鈥檚 important tourism sector stands to be hammered over the next few months. Plenty of pain will also be felt in home-building, real estate, manufacturing, and business and professional services.
The current situation is extraordinary, and governments across the country are acting to shore up the quickly unraveling economy. Most of these efforts involve supporting workers and families experiencing job and income losses. That makes sense. But the plight of businesses cannot be ignored. If tens of thousands of B.C. companies are rendered insolvent in the face of collapsing revenues, the hard reality is that many furloughed workers won鈥檛 have jobs to return to. In addition, widespread business failures may destroy some of the economy鈥檚 productive capacity, notably in critical export sectors鈥� with lasting negative implications for our prosperity.
In the past month, the federal and B.C. governments have announced a flurry of initiatives to support business, including a temporary wage subsidy program, tax deferrals, a concessionary lending program for small businesses, and a one-year reduction in B.C.鈥檚 school property tax for commercial and industrial businesses. At the same time, the Bank of Canada and federal financial authorities are moving to ensure the ongoing flow of credit to the private sector.
These are all positive steps. But more will be needed if policy-makers want to prevent the disappearance of large numbers of enterprises and the jobs they sustain. Canada should be looking at the bold measures adopted in Germany, Australia and the U.K. to backstop their business sectors 鈥� including major exporters 鈥� during the COVID-19 episode. The goal should be to enable companies that were commercially viable before the onset of the crisis to 鈥渂ridge鈥� the next 2-3 months until the worst of the pandemic 鈥� hopefully 鈥� is behind us.
Jock Finlayson is executive vice president and chief policy officer of the Business Council of British Columbia
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