Streaming TV may never again be as simple, or as affordable, as it is now.

Disney and WarnerMedia are each launching their own streaming services in 2019 in a challenge to Netflix鈥檚 dominance. Netflix viewers will no longer be able to watch hit movies such as 鈥淏lack Panther鈥� or 鈥淢oana,鈥� which will soon reside on Disney鈥檚 subscription service. WarnerMedia, a unit of AT&T, will also soon have its own service to showcase its library of blockbuster films and HBO series.

Families will have to decide between paying more each month or losing access to some of their favourite dramas, comedies, musicals and action flicks.

鈥淭here鈥檚 definitely a lot of change coming,鈥� said Paul Verna at eMarketer, a digital research company. 鈥淧eople will have more choices of what to stream, but at the same time the market is already fragmented and intimidating and it is only going to get more so.鈥�

Media companies are seeking to capitalize on the popularity and profitability of streaming. But by fragmenting the market, they鈥檙e also narrowing the once wide selection that fueled the rise of internet-based video. About 55 per cent of U.S. households now subscribe to paid streaming video services, up from just 10 per cent in 2009, according to research firm Deloitte.

Just as Netflix, Hulu and Amazon Prime tempted people to 鈥渃ut the cord鈥� by cancelling traditional cable TV packages, the newer services are looking to dismember those more-inclusive options.

Disney Plus is set to launch late next year with new Marvel and Star Wars programming, along with its library of animated and live-action movies and shows. It hasn鈥檛 announced pricing yet, but Disney CEO Bob Iger said in an August call with analysts that it will likely be less than Netflix, which runs $8 to $14 a month, since its library will be smaller.

AT&T plans a three-tier offering from WarnerMedia, with a slate of new and library content centred around the existing HBO streaming app. No word on pricing yet.

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Individual channels, such as Fox, ESPN, CBS and Showtime, are also getting into the act. Research group TDG predicts that every major TV network will launch a direct-to-consumer streaming service in the next five years.

Netflix and others have invested heavily in original movies and TV shows to keep their customers loyal. Netflix, for instance, said Wednesday that 45 million subscriber accounts worldwide watched the Sandra Bullock thriller 鈥淏ird Box鈥� during its first seven days on the service, the biggest first-week success of any movie made for the company鈥檚 nearly 12-year-old streaming service.

That first-week audience means nearly a third of Netflix鈥檚 137 million subscribers watched the movie from Dec. 21 through Dec. 27 鈥� a holiday-season stretch when many people aren鈥檛 working and have more free time.

But Netflix, Hulu and others may soon have to do without programs and movies licensed from their soon-to-be rivals. In December, Netflix paid a reported $100 million to continue licensing 鈥淔riends鈥� from WarnerMedia.

Why are media companies looking to get in? Data and dollars. Sure, they get money when they sell their programs to other services like Netflix. But starting their own service allows networks and studios access to valuable data about who is binging on their shows.

For services with ad-based options, that data translates into more dollars from advertisers. And services that rely only on subscription revenues, media companies can use the data to better tailor their offerings for individual tastes, helping to draw in more subscribers.

鈥淚 think all media companies are coming to grips with the reality that you better establish a relationship directly with your audiences,鈥� said AT&T CEO Randall Stephenson at an analyst conference earlier this month.

The business model that some networks and content companies are currently using, distributing their TV shows and movies only by licensing them to streaming platforms, is getting 鈥渄isrupted aggressively鈥� as more companies launch their own services, said Stephenson, whose company acquired WarnerMedia in June.

Forrester analyst Jim Nail compares this moment to the 鈥淐ambrian explosion,鈥� a historic era when plant and animal species rapidly multiplied after Ice Age glaciers receded.

鈥淏ig brands like Disney have to evaluate: Are we only going to access this market by licensing our content to Netflix, Hulu and others?鈥� he said. 鈥淥r, can we go direct to the consumer with our own service?鈥�

But a multiplicity of streaming services could easily overwhelm or confuse consumers. To get a full slate of programming, TV watchers may soon have to subscribe to several services instead of just one or two.

Among those options will be services like Netflix and Hulu that offer a wide range of video from a variety of sources; cable-like 鈥渟kinny bundles鈥� such as FuboTV, Sling and YouTube TV that offer a variety of live channels; and channel- or network-specific services like Disney Plus.

Consider just AT&T鈥檚 plan to launch a three-tiered service this year centred on HBO. An entry-level bundle will offer mostly movies; a second, slightly more expensive tier will include original programming and newer movies. A third and still more expensive offering would add more WarnerMedia entertainment such as 鈥淔riends.鈥�

The cost of multiple streaming services could quickly approach the average cost of a cable bill 鈥� not counting the cost of internet service. That鈥檚 around $107 per month, according to Leichtman Research Group.

鈥淚t鈥檚 unlikely any of the services individually can charge more than $10 per month,鈥� Forrester鈥檚 Nail said. 鈥淭he great unknown is how many individual streaming services people are willing to sign up for.鈥�

Companies are already trying to tame this chaos by bundling multiple streaming services together. Amazon Prime customers can add-on subscriptions to HBO, Showtime or Starz. Roku and Chromecast viewers can access their different services from a central place; Roku said Wednesday it will start selling in-app access to Showtime, Starz and other channels as well.

How should consumers deal with all the coming change?

鈥淏e patient,鈥� said Michael Greeson, president of research group TDG. 鈥淲e鈥檙e in a time of dramatic change for the TV and video business. There鈥檒l be great benefits, and question marks and consequences.鈥�

Mae Anderson, The Associated Press

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