Zebra stripes are dazzling 鈥� particularly to flies.
That鈥檚 the conclusion of scientists from the University of Bristol and the University of California at Davis who dressed horses in black-and-white striped coats to help determine why zebras have stripes.
The researchers found that fewer horseflies landed on the cloaked horses than on the ones without striped coats, suggesting that zebra stripes may offer protection from blood-sucking insects that can spread disease.
鈥淭his reduced ability to land on the zebra鈥檚 coat may be due to stripes disrupting the visual system of the horse flies during their final moments of approach,鈥� said Martin How, a research fellow at the University of Bristol. 鈥淪tripes may dazzle flies in some way once they are close enough to see them with their low-resolution eyes.鈥�
From a distance, the flies were equally attracted to both horses and zebras, with the same number of insects hovering around both types of animals. But when the flies got closer, things get dicey. The flies landed less frequently on the zebras and the horses covered in striped coats.
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鈥淥nce they get close to the zebras, however, they tend to fly past or bump into them,鈥� said Tim Caro, a professor in the U.C. Davis Department of Wildlife, Fish and Conservation Biology. 鈥淭his indicates that stripes may disrupt the flies鈥� abilities to have a controlled landing.鈥�
The work , reported in the journal Public Library of Science ONE, seeks to answer one of the oldest questions in zoology 鈥� why do zebras have stripes? Charles Darwin had his theories. So did British naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace.
But the scientists from Britain and California sought to examine that question by studying both horses and zebras at the Hill Livery in Britain, which works with zoos in Europe on conservation for zebras. That provided a controlled environment where the horses could be dressed up and closely observed to test the theory.
鈥淚t鈥檚 one of those pieces of research that you say, 鈥榳hy hasn鈥檛 someone done this before?鈥欌�� said Tim Woodfine, the director of conservation at Marwell Wildlife in southern England. He did not take part in the study. 鈥淚t鈥檚 simple and neat. I think it鈥檚 a great piece of work,鈥� he said.
How, an expert on animal vision, told The Associated Press on Thursday there are reasons to be 鈥渜uite excited鈥� about the research, which he said helps scientists understand what鈥檚 happening in the mind of a fly.
The insights have broader implications for technology such as driverless cars, which are inspired by insect vision. If stripes disrupt a fly, they might also disrupt a driverless car鈥檚 systems, according to How.
鈥淲hat we needed to do is get our mind into the eye of the fly,鈥� How said. 鈥淭hey have very different eyes from us.鈥�
Erica McAlister, the senior curator of flies and fleas at the Natural History Museum in London, said the research contributes information to a subject long debated by scientists.
鈥淲e鈥檝e been arguing about zebra stripes for 75 years,鈥� said McAlister, who was also not involved in the study.
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But there are also human applications. How says from now on, he鈥檚 wearing stripes while riding his bicycle during horse-fly season.
Caro hopes the study will underscore the wonders that remain to be discovered in the natural world.
鈥淚f we can try to pique the public鈥檚 appreciation of the wonders of nature, they鈥檒l be less cavalier about destroying it,鈥� he said. 鈥淭hat鈥檚 my hope.
Danica Kirka, The Associated Press
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