The U.N. General Assembly approved a blueprint Sunday to bring the world鈥檚 increasingly divided nations together to tackle 21st-century challenges from climate change and artificial intelligence to escalating conflicts and increasing inequality and poverty.

The 42-page 鈥淧act of the Future鈥� challenges leaders of the 193 U.N. member nations to turn promises into real actions that make a difference to the lives of the world鈥檚 more than 8 billion people.

The pact was adopted at the opening of the two-day 鈥淪ummit of the Future鈥� called by U.N. Secretary-General Antonio Guterres, who thanked leaders and diplomats for taking the first steps and unlocking 鈥渢he door鈥� to a better future.

鈥淲e are here to bring multilateralism back from the brink,鈥� he said. 鈥淣ow it is our common destiny to walk through it. That demands not just agreement, but action.鈥�

The U.N. chief challenged the leaders: Implement the pact. Prioritize dialogue and negotiations. End 鈥渨ars tearing our world apart鈥� from the Middle East to Ukraine and Sudan. Reform the powerful U.N. Security Council. Accelerate reforms of the international financial system. Ramp up a transition from fossil fuels. Listen to young people and include them in decision-making.

The pact鈥檚 fate was in question until the last moment. There was so much suspense that Guterres had three prepared speeches, one for approval, one for rejection, and one if things weren鈥檛 clear, U.N. spokesman Stephane Dujarric said.

鈥淣o one is happy with this pact,鈥� said Russia鈥檚 deputy foreign minister, Sergey Vershinin.

The summit opened with him proposing amendments that would have significantly watered down the pact. Speaking on behalf of Africa鈥檚 54 nations 鈥� which opposed Russia鈥檚 amendments 鈥� the Republic of Congo countered with a motion not to vote on the amendments. That motion was approved to applause. Russia only got support from Iran, Belarus, North Korea, Nicaragua, Sudan and Syria.

Assembly President Philemon Yang then put the pact to a vote and banged his gavel, signifying the consensus of all 193 U.N. member nations that was required for approval.

Russia has made significant inroads in Africa 鈥� in countries like Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger and Central African Republic 鈥� and the continent鈥檚 rejection of its amendments along with Mexico, a major Latin American power, was seen as a blow to Moscow by some diplomats and observers.

Yang announced ahead of speeches by world leaders that they would be muted after five minutes 鈥� a rare occurrence at the United Nations, where words are the backbone. Among those who kept talking after their mics were silenced: Brazilian President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva, Kuwait鈥檚 Crown Prince Sheikh Sabah Khalid Al Sabah and Irish President Michael Higgins.

The Pact of the Future says world leaders are gathering 鈥渁t a time of profound global transformation,鈥� and it warns of 鈥渞ising catastrophic and existential risks鈥� that could tip people everywhere 鈥渋nto a future of persistent crisis and breakdown.鈥�

Yet, it says, leaders are coming to the U.N. at a time of hope and opportunity 鈥渢o protect the needs and interests of present and future generations through actions in the Pact for the Future.鈥�

The pact includes 56 actions on issues including eradicating poverty, mitigating climate change, achieving gender equality, promoting peace and protecting civilians, and reinvigorating the multilateral system to 鈥渟eize the opportunities of today and tomorrow.鈥�

Secretary-General Guterres singled out a number of key provisions in the Pact of the Future and two accompanying annexes, a Global Digital Compact and Declaration on Future Generations.

The pact commits world leaders to reform the 15-member Security Council, to make it more reflective of today鈥檚 world and 鈥渞edress the historical injustice against Africa,鈥� which has no permanent seat, and to address the under-representation of the Asia-Pacific region and Latin America.

It also 鈥渞epresents the first agreed multilateral support for nuclear disarmament in more than a decade,鈥� Guterres said, and it commits 鈥渢o steps to prevent an arms race in outer space and to govern the use of lethal autonomous weapons.鈥�

The Global Digital Compact 鈥渋ncludes the first truly universal agreement on the international governance of artificial intelligence,鈥� the U.N. chief said.

The compact commits leaders to establish an Independent International Scientific Panel in the United Nations to promote scientific understanding of AI, and its risks and opportunities. It also commits the U.N. to initiate a global dialogue on AI governance with all key players.

The pact鈥檚 actions also include measures 鈥渢o mount an immediate and coordinated response to complex shocks鈥� including pandemics, Guterres said. And it includes 鈥渁 groundbreaking commitment by governments to listen to young people and include them in decision-making.鈥�

As for human rights, Guterres said, 鈥淚n the face of a surge in misogyny and a rollback of women鈥檚 reproductive rights, governments have explicitly committed to removing the legal, social and economic barriers that prevent women and girls from fulfilling their potential in every sphere.鈥�

Eighteen months of negotiations on the pact were led by Germany and Namibia. Namibian President Nangolo Mbumba said leaders must leave the summit committed to a path toward peace 鈥� not one that leads to 鈥渁n environmental catastrophe, widening inequality, global conflict and destruction and the rise of dangerous technologies that threaten our security.鈥�

German Chancellor Olaf Scholz warned that If countries don鈥檛 unite and implement the pact鈥檚 more than 50 actions, 鈥渘ot only would history judge us 鈥� but also young people around the world.鈥�

鈥淭he road is rocky,鈥� he said. 鈥淏ut was that ever any different?鈥�